Wearable smart patch for monitoring vital functions in life support system

Investigators: Milan Tyšler, Richard Bagín, Daniel Gogola, Fedor Lehocki, Beáta Ondrušová)

An innovative system for monitoring the vital functions of injured persons during mass disasters was developed. The system features smart patches designed to record electrocardiograms, photoplethysmograms, respiratory movements, and body temperature from the chest of injured persons. The patches autonomously evaluate heart rate and respiratory rate. If any of these parameters exceed predetermined safe limits, the patch triggers a warning through visual and auditory alarms. Additionally, the patches are equipped with Bluetooth LE communication capabilities, enabling connection with a monitoring tablet. In “advertising mode,” the patches broadcast vital parameter readings and potential alarms. In critical situations, such as an alarm activation, the tablet can initiate two-way communication with one or more patches. This allows all measured signals to be transferred to the tablet for displaying and detailed analysis, including assessments of blood pressure and oxygenation using AI methods. The project outcomes include a fully functional smart patch prototype, software for signal acquisition, processing, and communication, as well as a tablet application capable of monitoring multiple patches and determining and predicting blood pressure and oxygenation levels. The system’s functional model was successfully tested in collaboration with the Slovak Fire and Rescue Corps.

This result was obtained within the NATO Science for Peace and Security program, in SP4LIFE project coordinated by the Institute of Measurement Science SAS that brought together partners from Slovakia, Belgium, North Macedonia, and Serbia.

 Related projects:

  • NATO SPS projekt G5825 Smart Patch for Life Support Systems (SP4LIFE)
  • MVTS na podporu projektu NATO G5825 SP4LIFE

 

Selected publications:

  1. Lehocki, Fedor – Madevska Bogdanova, Ana – Tysler, Milan – Ondrusova, Beata – Simjanoska, Monika – Koteska, Bojana – Kostoska, Magdalena – Majak, M. – Macura, M. SmartPatch for Victims Management in Emergency Telemedicine. In MEASUREMENT 2021: Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Measurement. – Bratislava: Institute of Measurement Science, SAS, 2021, 2021, p. 146-149. ISBN 978-80-972629-4-5. https://doi.org/10.23919/Measurement52780.2021.9446791
  2. VIĆENTIĆ, T. – RAFAJILOVIC, M.R. – ILIC, S.D. – KOTESKA, B. – MADEVSKA BOGDANOVA, A. – PASTI, I.A. –  LEHOCKI, F.– SPASENOVIC, M. Laser-induced graphene for heartbeat monitoring with HeartPy analysis. In Sensors, 2022, vol. 22, no. 17, p. 6326. ISSN 1424-8220. (3.847 – IF2021) Q1 https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/17/6326
  3. KOTESKA, B. – MITROVA, H. – MADEVSKA BOGDANOVA, A. – LEHOCKI, F. Machine learning based SpO2 prediction from PPG signal’s characteristics features. In: IEEE International Symposium on Medical Measurements and Applications (MeMeA 2022). – IEEE, 2022. ISBN 978-1-6654-8299-8. Q4 https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9856498
  4. Koteska, Bojana – Madevska Bogdanova, Ana – Mitrova, Hristina – Sidorenko, M. – Lehocki, Fedor. Deep Learning Approach to Estimate SpO2 from PPG Signals. In: 6th International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Bioinformatics, September 18-20, 2022, Berlin, Germany. https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3569192.3569215
  5. Gogola, Daniel – Ackovska, Nevena – Bagin, Richard – Koteska, Bojana – Madevska Bogdanova, Ana – Kostoska, Magdalena – Lehocki, Fedor – Tysler, Milan. Integrated Smart Patch for Heart Rate and Respiratory Rate Monitoring. In: Measurement 2023, 14th International Conference on Measurement, 29 – 31 May 2023, Smolenice Castle, Slovakia. https://doi.org/10.23919/MEASUREMENT59122.2023.10164383
  6. Tomic, Miona – Ilic, Stefan D. – Minetti, Christophe – Iorio, Carlo S. – Tyšler, Milan – Spasenovic, Marko. Wearable ECG smart patch for mass casualty emergency situations. In 2023 IEEE 33rd International Conference on Microelectronics (MIEL). – IEEE, 2023, iEEE Catalog No. CFP23432-ART. ISBN 979-8-3503-4776-0.https://doi.org/10.1109/MIEL58498.2023.10315845
  7. Kostoska, M. – Trajkovik, V. – Koteska, B. – Ackovska, N. – Lehocki, F. – Bogdanova, A.M. Enabling Cybersecurity Mechanisms in a SmartPatch-Based Emergency Response System. In: 2023, 31st National Conference with International Participation (TELECOM), Sofia, Bulgaria, 2023, pp. 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1109/TELECOM59629.2023.10409722.
  8. Kuzmanov, Ivan – Ackovska, Nevena – Lehocki, Fedor – Madevska Bogdanova, Ana. Implementation of the Time Series and the Convolutional Vision Transformers for Biological Signal Processing – Blood Pressure Estimation from Photoplethysmogram. Springer, ICT Innovations, 24-26 September 2023, Ohrid, N. Macedonia.https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-54321-0_4
  9. BAGIN, Richard – KOTESKA, Bojana – KOSTOSKA, Magdalena – ACKOVSKA, Nevena – MISHEV, Anastas – MADEVSKA BOGDANOVA, Ana – TYSLER Milan, Smart System for Real-time Monitoring of Vital Parameters. In SQAMIA 2024, Proceedings of the Eleventh Workshop on Software Quality Analysis, Monitoring, Improvement, and Applications, Novi Sad, Serbia, September 9-11, 2024.https://perun.pmf.uns.ac.rs/ceur/sqamia24/paper02.pdf.

Fig. 1.: Left: Unpacked smart patch model. Right: smart patch implementation in packaging obtained by 3D printing technology and with disposable ECG electrodes attached.

Fig.2.: Demonstration of monitoring four patches using a tablet. Left: communication with patches in advertising mode, patch ID 65116 is reporting a low respiratory rate alarm (RR = 8). Right: Monitoring after the ID 65116 patch is switched to a two-way communication mode with displaying signals and the blood oxygenation and blood pressure evaluated by the tablet software.